Ráp, nhám, xù xì, gồ ghề, bờm xờm, lởm chởm

rough paper

giấy ráp

rough skin

da xù xì

rough road

con đường gồ ghề

rough hair

tóc bờm xờm

Dữ dội, mạnh, hung dữ, bảo tố, động (biển); xấu (thời tiết)

rough sea

biển động

rough wind

gió dữ dội

rough day

ngày bão tố

rough weather

thời tiết xấu

Thô, chưa gọt giũa, chưa trau chuốt

rough rice

thóc chưa xay

rough timber

gỗ mới đốn

in a rough state

ở trạng thái thô

Thô lỗ, sống sượng, lỗ mãng, thô bạo, cộc cằn

rough manners

cử chỉ thô lỗ

rough words

lời lẽ thô lỗ cộc cằn

rough usage

cách đối xử thô bạo, sự nhược đãi

Gian khổ, gay go, nhọc nhằn, nặng nề

rough labour

công việc lao động nặng nhọc

Nháp, phác, phỏng, gần đúng

a rough copy

bản nháp

a rough sketch

bản vẽ phác

a rough translations

bản dịch phỏng

at a rough estimate

tính phỏng

Ầm ĩ, hỗn độn, chói tai (âm thanh, giọng nói...)

to give somebody a lick with the rough side of one's tongue

nói gay gắt với ai

to have a rough time

bị ngược đãi, bị đối xử thô bạo

Gặp lúc khó khăn gian khổ

to take somebody over a rough road

(từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ) chửi mắng, xỉ vả ai

Đẩy ai vào một tình trạng khó khăn

Dữ, thô bạo, lỗ mãng

to play rough

chơi dữ (bóng đá)

to tread someone rough

đối xử thô bạo với ai

Miền đất gồ ghề

Đinh chìa (đóng vào móng ngựa cho khỏi trượt)

Trạng thái nguyên, trạng thái thô, trạng thái chưa gọt giũa

diamond in the rough

kim cương chưa mài giũa

Thằng du côn

Quãng đời gian truân; cảnh gian truân, hoàn cảnh khó khăn

Cái chung, cái đại thể, cái đại khái

it is true in the rough

nhìn đại thể thì cái đó cũng đúng

(thể dục,thể thao) sân bãi gồ ghề (sân đánh gôn)

to take the rough with the smooth

kiên nhẫn chịu đựng được gian khổ

Làm dựng ngược, vuốt ngược (lông, tóc...)

Đóng đinh chìa vào (móng ngựa) cho khỏi trượt

Phác thảo, vẽ phác

to rough in (out) a plan

phác thảo một kế hoạch

Dạy (ngựa)

Đẽo sơ qua (vật gì)

Lên dây sơ qua (đàn pianô)

to rough it

sống cho qua ngày đoạn tháng, thiếu thốn đủ mọi thứ

to rough someone up the wrong way

chọc tức ai, làm ai phát cáu

cắt thô

mềm đất gồ ghề

nổ không đều

mấp mô

sù sì

đại khái

rough approximation

phép gần đúng đại khái

độ nhám

nhám

rough brick

gạch nhám (mặt)

rough channel flow

dòng trong lòng nhám

rough fracture

mặt gãy nhám

rough painting

sự sơn nhám mặt

rough surface

mặt nhám

rough-down

mài bớt nhám

gia công thô

rough dressing

sự gia công thô (gạch)

rough hardware

đồ kim khí (gia công) thô

rough hardware

đồ ngũ kim (gia công) thô

rough-machined

được gia công thô

gồ ghề

sống

rough sea

sóng lớn

thô

gần đúng

rough average

số trung bình gần đúng

phỏng chừng

Uneven, irregular, coarse, jagged, rugged, bumpy, lumpy,broken: The next mile or so we slogged over some very roughterrain.

Agitated, turbulent, choppy, stormy, storm-tossed,tempestuous, roiled: We negotiated a very rough patch of waterbefore sailing into the calm, sheltered bay. 3 brusque, bluff,curt, short, abrupt, unpleasant, churlish, discourteous,impolite, rough-spoken, ungracious, surly, disrespectful, rude,uncouth, loutish, unrefined, uncivil, uncivilized, uncultured,vulgar, unladylike, ungentlemanly, coarse, ill-mannered,ill-bred, inconsiderate: Ian can be a bit rough, I know, butunderneath he is a true and loyal friend. 4 tough,rough-and-tumble, roughneck, rowdy: There are some very roughcharacters frequenting that pub.

Harsh, violent, unfeeling,unjust, severe, cruel, tough, hard, brutal, extreme; ungentle:They were subjected to very rough treatment when beingquestioned by the police. 6 dirty, obscene, smutty,pornographic, vulgar, crude, raw, rude: After midnight theywatch the rough shows beamed by satellite from Italy. 7 hard,tough, Spartan, difficult, arduous, laborious, rugged,unpleasant: It was pretty rough going with almost no money andall those expenses.

Harsh, grating, cacophonous, discordant,jarring, strident, raucous, rasping, unmusical, inharmonious,gruff, husky: In acknowledgement he made a rough, growlingnoise.

Unfinished, incomplete, uncompleted, imperfect,rudimentary, crude, rude, formless, unformed, raw,rough-and-ready, rough-hewn, roughcast, undeveloped, unshaped,unworked, unwrought, unprocessed, unrefined; uncut, unpolished;shapeless, unshaped, undressed: I only saw the sculpture in itsrough state and cannot say how it looked when finished. Thestones are rough, as they were when taken from the ground. 10general, approximate, inexact, cursory, quick, hasty, sketchy,vague, hazy; foggy, Colloq ballpark: Can't you give me even arough idea of how much you want for the house? 11 unfair,unjust, bad, tough; unlucky, unfortunate: We went through aspell of rough luck last year. This is a rough time foreveryone. 12 See rotten, 5, above.

N.

Rowdy, tough, hooligan, ruffian, thug, brawler, yahoo,Slang roughneck, Australian larrikin, US mug: Phil will getinto trouble if he continues to associate with those roughs atthe Lantern. 14 sketch, (rough) draft, mock-up, outline: Let mesee roughs of the presentation before the meeting with theclient.

V.

Rough out or in. sketch, draft, mock-up, outline, markout, trace, block out: Our escape plan was roughed out byCaptain Gallagher.

Rough up. beat (up), thrash, attack,batter, assault, pummel or pommel, lay on, knock about,belabour, lambaste, Colloq wallop: Some of the boys roughed himup a bit when they learned that he was an informer.

Adv.

Violently, savagely, brutally, brutishly: You'd bestnot mention Cassie or Henry might cut up rough.

Adj.

A having an uneven or irregularsurface, not smooth or level or polished. b Tennis applied tothe side of a racket from which the twisted gut projects.

(ofground, country, etc.) having many bumps, obstacles, etc.

Ahairy, shaggy. b (of cloth) coarse in texture.

A (of aperson or behaviour) not mild or quiet or gentle; boisterous,unrestrained (rough manners; rough play). b (of language etc.)coarse, indelicate. c (of wine etc.) sharp or harsh in taste.5 (of the sea, weather, etc.) violent, stormy.

Disorderly,riotous (a rough part of town).

Harsh, insensitive,inconsiderate (rough words; rough treatment).

A unpleasant,severe, demanding (had a rough time). b unfortunate,unreasonable, undeserved (had rough luck). c (foll. by on) hardor unfair towards.

Lacking finish, elaboration, comfort, etc.(rough lodgings; a rough welcome).

Incomplete, rudimentary(a rough attempt; a rough makeshift).

A inexact,approximate, preliminary (a rough estimate; a rough sketch). b(of stationery etc.) for use in writing rough notes etc.

Colloq. a ill, unwell (am feeling rough). b depressed,dejected.

Adv. in a rough manner (the land should be ploughedrough; play rough).

N.

(usu. prec. by the) a hard part oraspect of life; hardship (take the rough with the smooth).

Rough ground (over rough and smooth).

A rough or violentperson (met a bunch of roughs).

Golf rough ground off thefairway between tee and green.

An unfinished or provisionalor natural state (have written it in rough; shaped from therough).

(prec. by the) the general way or tendency (is truein the rough).

V.tr.

(foll. by up) ruffle (feathers, hair,etc.) by rubbing against the grain.

A (foll. by out) shape orplan roughly. b (foll. by in) sketch roughly.

Give the firstshaping to (a gun, lens, etc.).

N.a haphazard fight; a scuffle. rough breathing see BREATHING.rough coat a first coat of plaster applied to a surface. roughcopy 1 a first or original draft.

A copy of a picture etc.showing only the essential features. rough deal hard or unfairtreatment. rough diamond 1 an uncut diamond.

A person ofgood nature but rough manners. rough-dry (-dries, -dried) dry(clothes) without ironing. the rough edge (or side) of one'stongue severe or harsh words. rough-handle treat or handleroughly. rough-hew (past part. -hewed or -hewn) shape outroughly; give crude form to. rough-hewn uncouth, unrefined.rough house sl. a disturbance or row; boisterous play.rough-house v. sl.

Tr. handle (a person) roughly.

Intr.make a disturbance; act violently. rough it do without basiccomforts. rough justice 1 treatment that is approximately fair.2 treatment that is not at all fair. rough passage 1 a crossingover rough sea.

A difficult time or experience. rough ride adifficult time or experience. rough-rider a person who breaksin or can ride unbroken horses. rough stuff colloq. boisterousor violent behaviour. rough tongue a habit of rudeness inspeaking. rough trade sl. a tough or sadistic element amongmale homosexuals. rough up sl. treat (a person) with violence;attack violently. rough work 1 preliminary or provisional work.2 colloq. violence.

A task requiring the use of force. sleeprough sleep outdoors, or not in a proper bed.

Roughness n.[OE ruh f. WG]