Cứng, rắn

as hard as steel

rắn như thép

Rắn chắc, cứng cáp

hard muscles

bắp thịt rắn chắc

Cứng (nước)

hard water

nước cứng (có hoà tan nhiều muối vô cơ)

Thô cứng; gay gắt, khó chịu

hard features

những nét thô cứng

hard to the ear

nghe khó chịu

hard to the eye

nhìn khó chịu

Hà khắc, khắc nghiệt, nghiêm khắc, không thương xót, không có tính cứng rắn, cứng cỏi; hắc, keo cú, chi li

a hard look

cái nhìn nghiêm khắc

hard discipline

kỷ luật khắc nghiệt

hard winter

mùa đông khắc nghiệt

to be hard on (upon) somebody

khắc nghiệt với ai

Nặng, nặng nề

a hard blow

một đòn nặng nề, một đòn trời giáng

hard of hearing

nặng tai

a hard drinker

người nghiện rượu nặng

Gay go, khó khăn, gian khổ, hắc búa

a hard problem

vấn đề hắc búa

hard lines

số không may; sự khổ cực

to be hard to convince

khó mà thuyết phục

Không thể chối cãi được, không bác bỏ được, rõ rành rành

hard facts

sự việc rõ rành rành không thể chối cãi được

Cao, đứng giá (thị trường giá cả)

(ngôn ngữ học) kêu (âm)

Bằng đồng, bằng kim loại (tiền)

hard cash

tiền đồng, tiền kim loại

(từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ) có nồng độ rượu cao

hard liquors

rượu mạnh

Hết sức cố gắng, tích cực

to try hard to succeed

cố gắng hết sức để thành công

Chắc, mạnh, nhiều

to hold something hard

nắm chắc cái gì

to strike hard

đánh mạnh

to drink hard

uống tuý luý, uống rượu như hũ chìm

It's raining hard

Trời mưa to

Khắc nghiệt, nghiêm khắc; cứng rắn; hắc

Don't use him too hard

Đừng khắc nghiệt quá đối với nó

to criticize hard

phê bình nghiêm khắc

Gay go, khó khăn, chật vật, gian khổ

to die hard

chết một cách khó khăn

money is hard earned

chật vật lắm mới kiếm được tiền

Sát, gần, sát cạnh

hard by

sát cạnh, gần bên

to follow hard after

bám sát theo sau

to be hard bit

Xem bit

to be hard pressed

Xem press

to be hard put to bit

bị lâm vào hoàn cảnh khó khăn

to be hard up

cạn túi, cháy túi, hết tiền

to be hard up for

bí không bới đâu ra, bế tắc không tìm đâu ra (cái gì...)

to be hard up against it

o have it hard

(từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ), (thông tục) lâm vào hoàn cảnh khó khăn, phải va chạm với những khó khăn

hard upon

gần sát, xấp xỉ

it is getting hard upon twelve

đã gần 12 giờ rồi

it will go hard with him

rất là khó khăn bất lợi cho anh ta

Đường dốc xuống bãi, đường dốc xuống bến

(từ lóng) hình phạt khổ sai

to get a two-year hard

bị hai năm khổ sai

hard and fast

cứng rắn, chặt chẽ (nguyên tắc, luật lệ...)

as hard, as nails

lạnh như tiền, rắn như đanh (tính tình)

a hard nut to crack...

Xem nut

a hard row to hoe

Xem row

to drive a hard bargain

cò kè bớt một thêm hai

a hard-luck story

chuyện rủi ro, chuyện không may

the hard/soft sell

bán theo kiểu nhồi nhét/mời mọc

no hard feelings

không buồn phiền chi cả

to take a hard line on sth

giữ lập trường dứt khoát về điều gì

too much like hard work

quá khó nhọc, quá tốn công sức

to make hard work of sth

làm cho cái gì có vẻ khó khăn hơn thực tế

the hard way

phương cách khó khăn nhất

rắn

vững chắc

cứng

hard (-shelled) crab

của vỏ cứng

hard centre

vỏ bọc cứng

hard cheese

fomat cứng

hard cherry

anh đào cứng

hard copy

bản cứng

hard curd

cục fomat cứng

hard currency

đồng tiền cứng

hard disk

đĩa cứng

hard dollars

đô la cứng

hard dough

bột nhào cứng

hard dried fish

cá khô cứng

hard drying

sự làm khô cứng

hard drying

sự sấy cứng

hard grating cheese

fomat nghiền cứng

hard money

tiền cứng

hard put

quyền chọn bán cứng

hard sales promotion

cách bán hàng cứng

hard sell hay hard selling

cách bán hàng cứng rắn

hard selling

sự bán hàng cứng

hard sugar

đường cứng (các tinh thể to)

hard wheat flour

bột lúa mì cứng

hard-saturated fat

chất béo cứng bão hòa

semi-hard cheese

fomat nửa cứng

đứng giá

rắn chắc

thị trường giá cả cao

Adj.

Rigid, stiff, solid, inflexible, firm, dense, condensed,compressed, close, solidified, hardened; stony, rocklike,concrete, petrified, granite(-like), flinty, steely; tough,rugged, leathery, callous; unyielding, adamant(ine),impenetrable, obdurate, impervious, impregnable: The cementgets hard in an hour. This steak is as hard as shoe-leather.The metal was so hard that I broke three drills trying to make ahole in it. 2 difficult, laborious, arduous, back-breaking,burdensome, onerous, fatiguing, tiring, exhausting, wearying,strenuous, tough, toilsome: Laying track for the railway is avery hard job.

Difficult, perplexing, knotty, puzzling,baffling, enigmatic, intricate, complicated, complex, tangled,involved, thorny, incomprehensible, inscrutable, unsolvable,insoluble, Colloq tough: There were a lot of hard questions inthe exam.

Stern, cold, callous, intractable, exacting,strict, demanding, hard-hearted, stony-hearted, severe,tyrannical, despotic, dictatorial, magisterial, oppressive,cruel, ruthless, pitiless, merciless, savage, brutal, brutish,inhuman, heartless, harsh, unkind, implacable, unsympathetic,dispassionate, uncompassionate, unfeeling, obdurate, indurate;unsentimental, insensitive, thick-skinned, tough, hard-boiled,stony, hardbitten, unfeeling, unsparing: Hemel is a hardtaskmaster. Of the prison warders, each was harder than thenext. He advocates taking a hard line against white-collarcrime. 5 bad, difficult, grievous, calamitous, racking,disastrous, dark, grim, distressing, devastating, agonizing,painful, unpleasant, severe, austere, Colloq tough, rough: Theyears of the Great Depression were hard for everyone.

Cool,unemotional, calculating, uncompromising, methodical, critical,systematic, practical, pragmatic, businesslike, realistic,penetrating, searching, hard-headed, Colloq tough, hard-nosed:Shareholders should take a hard look at the annual report.Chapelle drives a hard bargain. 7 sedulous, assiduous, devoted,conscientious, industrious, indefatigable, untiring, persistent,dogged, intent, eager, zealous, ardent, energetic, keen, avid:Galpin is a very hard worker who gets a lot done.

Cold, bare,plain, straight, straightforward, blunt, unvarnished,unquestionable, verifiable, real, indisputable, undeniable,incontestable, incontrovertible, strict, inescapable,ineluctable, unavoidable, unalterable, immutable: The hard factis that the bill has never been paid.

Angry, bitter,acrimonious, hostile, antagonistic, harsh, unpleasant,unfriendly: I'm afraid there were some hard words between us.10 spirituous, alcoholic, strong: She won't touch hard liquor.11 addictive, habit-forming: He later changed from marijuana tohard drugs.

Sharp, well-defined, clear, distinct, stark,definite: Note the hard edges of objects in Realist paintings.

Adv.

Vigorously, forcefully, forcibly, energetically,mightily, arduously, laboriously, strenuously, earnestly,actively, dynamically, eagerly, intensely, ardently, heartily,zealously, intently, spiritedly, diligently, assiduously,sedulously, studiously, determinedly, steadfastly,conscientiously, industriously, devotedly, urgently,persistently, untiringly, indefatigably, perseveringly,unfalteringly, relentlessly, doggedly: They always had to workvery hard just to scrape by. He's hard at work writing his newbook. 14 violently, deeply, intensely, badly, distressingly,painfully, severely, agonizingly: Failing the examination hithim quite hard.

Intently, carefully, earnestly: The judgethought long and hard before passing sentence.

Harshly,severely, badly, ill: It's going to go hard with her if shedoesn't change her ways.

Hard up. poor, indigent,poverty-stricken, impoverished, penniless, impecunious,bankrupt, Colloq in the red, broke, bust(ed), on one's uppers,Slang Brit skint: He's so hard up he can't afford a decentmeal.

Adj., adv., & n.

Adj.

(of a substance, material, etc.)firm and solid; unyielding to pressure; not easily cut.

Adifficult to understand or explain (a hard problem). bdifficult to accomplish (a hard decision). c (foll. by to +infin.) not easy to (hard to believe; hard to please).

Difficult to bear; entailing suffering (a hard life).

(of aperson) unfeeling; severely critical.

(of a season or theweather) severe, harsh (a hard winter; a hard frost).

Harshor unpleasant to the senses (a hard voice; hard colours).

Astrenuous, enthusiastic, intense (a hard worker; a hard fight).b severe, uncompromising (a hard blow; a hard bargain; hardwords). c Polit. extreme; most radical (the hard right).

A(of liquor) strongly alcoholic. b (of drugs) potent andaddictive. c (of radiation) highly penetrating. d (ofpornography) highly suggestive and explicit.

(of water)containing mineral salts that make lathering difficult.

Established; not disputable; reliable (hard facts; hard data).11 Stock Exch. (of currency, prices, etc.) high; not likely tofall in value.

Phonet. (of a consonant) guttural (as c incat, g in go).

Adv.

Strenuously, intensely, copiously;with one's full effort (try hard; look hard at; is raining hard;hard-working).

With difficulty or effort (hard-earned).

Soas to be hard or firm (hard-baked; the jelly set hard).

N.Brit.

A sloping roadway across a foreshore.

Sl. = hardlabour (got two years hard).

Be severe in one's treatment or criticism of.

Be unpleasantto (the senses). be hard put to it (usu. foll. by to + infin.)find it difficult. go hard with turn out to (a person's)disadvantage. hard and fast (of a rule or a distinction made)definite, unalterable, strict. hard at it colloq. busilyworking or occupied. hard-boiled 1 (of an egg) boiled until thewhite and the yolk are solid.

(of a person) tough, shrewd.hard by near; close by. a hard case 1 colloq. a an intractableperson. b Austral. & NZ an amusing or eccentric person.

Acase of hardship. hard cash negotiable coins and banknotes.hard coal anthracite. hard copy printed material produced bycomputer, usu. on paper, suitable for ordinary reading. hardcore 1 an irreducible nucleus.

Colloq. a the most active orcommitted members of a society etc. b a conservative orreactionary minority.

Brit. solid material, esp. rubble,forming the foundation of a road etc. hard-core adj. blatant,uncompromising, esp.: 1 (of pornography) explicit, obscene.

(of drug addiction) relating to 'hard' drugs, esp. heroin.hard disk Computing a large-capacity rigid usu. magnetic storagedisk. hard-done-by harshly or unfairly treated. hard errorComputing a permanent error. hard feelings feelings ofresentment. hard hat colloq.

Protective headgear worn onbuilding-sites etc.

A reactionary person. hard hit badlyaffected. hard-hitting aggressively critical. hard labourheavy manual work as a punishment, esp. in a prison. hardlanding 1 a clumsy or rough landing of an aircraft.

Anuncontrolled landing in which a spacecraft is destroyed. hardline unyielding adherence to a firm policy. hard-liner a personwho adheres rigidly to a policy. hard lines Brit. colloq. =hard luck. hard luck worse fortune than one deserves.hard-nosed colloq. realistic, uncompromising. hard nut sl. atough, aggressive person. a hard nut to crack colloq.

Adifficult problem.

A person or thing not easily understood orinfluenced. hard of hearing somewhat deaf. hard on (or upon)close to in pursuit etc. hard-on n. coarse sl. an erection ofthe penis. hard pad a form of distemper in dogs etc. hardpalate the front part of the palate. hard-paste denoting aChinese or 'true' porcelain made of fusible and infusiblematerials (usu. clay and stone) and fired at a high temperature.hard-pressed 1 closely pursued.

Burdened with urgentbusiness. hard rock colloq. rock music with a heavy beat.hard roe see ROE(1). hard sauce a sauce of butter and sugar,often with brandy etc. added. hard sell aggressive salesmanshipor advertising. hard shoulder Brit. a hardened strip alongsidea motorway for stopping on in an emergency. hard stuff sl.strong alcoholic drink, esp. whisky. hard tack a ship'sbiscuit. hard up 1 short of money.

(foll. by for) at a lossfor; lacking. hard-wearing able to stand much wear. hard wheatwheat with a hard grain rich in gluten. hard-wired involving orachieved by permanently connected circuits designed to perform aspecific function. hard-working diligent. put the hard word onAustral. & NZ sl. ask a favour (esp. sexual or financial) of.

Hardish adj. hardness n. [OE hard, heard f. Gmc]